12.6.1 Explain Common Kinds of Nervous Disorders (Paralysis and Epilepsy)
Paralysis:
- Loss of muscle function due to nerve damage or disruption in signal transmission.
- Causes: Stroke, spinal cord injury, nerve diseases (e.g., polio).
Epilepsy:
- Neurological disorder causing recurrent seizures due to abnormal electrical activity in the brain.
- Causes: Genetic factors, brain injury, infections, or unknown triggers.
12.6.2 State Symptoms and Treatment of Paralysis and Epilepsy
Paralysis:
- Symptoms: Loss of movement, sensation, or both in affected areas (e.g., limbs); may be partial (paresis) or complete.
- Treatment: Physical therapy to maintain muscle strength; assistive devices (e.g., wheelchairs); surgery or medication for underlying causes (e.g., stroke).
Epilepsy:
- Symptoms: Seizures (convulsions, loss of consciousness, staring spells); vary in intensity and frequency.
- Treatment: Antiepileptic drugs (e.g., phenytoin, valproate); surgery for severe cases; lifestyle management (e.g., avoiding triggers like stress).